January 31, 1958 –
Explorer-I, officially Satellite 1958 Alpha (and sometimes referred to as Explorer 1), was the first Earth satellite of the United States, having been launched at 10:48 pm EST on this date, as part of the United States program for the International Geophysical Year.
The satellite was launched from LC-26 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida, on board a Juno I rocket. Although it carried a number of instruments, Explorer I was relatively small, weighing just 30 lbs (13 kg).
Electrical power was provided by mercury chemical batteries that made up approximately 40 percent of the payload weight. These provided power that operated the high power transmitter for 31 days and the low-power transmitter for 105 days.
(This is on the test.)
January 31, 1961 –
The United States sends its first space monkey into space, Ham the chimpanzee. His Mercury/Redstone 2 achieves an altitude of 158 miles. Ham’s capsule splashed down in the Atlantic Ocean and was recovered by a rescue ship later that day.
After the flight, Ham lived for 17 years in the National Zoo in Washington D.C., then at the North Carolina Zoo before dying at the age of 27 on January 19, 1983. Ham the Chimp was not the first animal in space. That honor goes to Laika the dog, who was sent into orbit by the Soviet Union in 1957. Ham could not deal with this fact; and NASA had to hide the fact that Ham had become hooked on smack.
January 31, 1966 –
The Soviet Union launches the unmanned Luna 9 spacecraft as part of the Luna program. Three days later, on February 3, 1966 the Luna 9 spacecraft was the first spacecraft to achieve a lunar soft landing and to transmit photographic data to Earth.
For unknown reasons, the pictures from Luna 9 were not released immediately by the Soviet authorities.
Now the truth can be told.
January 31, 1971 –
NASA launched the manned U.S. lunar lander Apollo 14 on a mission to the Fra Mauro region of the Moon, on this date. The crew consists of Commander Alan Shepard, Command Module Pilot Stuart Roosa, and Lunar Module Pilot Edgar Mitchell.
The crew will land on February 5, 1971 and collect 42.9 kilograms of lunar samples, completing the aborted mission of the Apollo 13.
And so it goes.
The Haus of Dcaligari 