If you were ever an altar boy or ever took Latin, I don’t need to tell you what jacta alea est means. But if you’re like most Americans, to whom Latin is about as familiar as Urdu, let me translate: it means the die is cast. At least that’s how it’s usually translated. Back in the early days of English, when the phrase was first translated, that’s how they would have said “the dice are thrown.”
This Latin snippet is important for a couple of reasons. Firstly because it demonstrates the popularity of gambling with dice in the ancient world, which is an important bit of trivia for keeping wayward adolescents interested in the classics; secondly because it’s a short little Latin phrase you can drop into conversation to impress snobs; thirdly because the event of its utterance changed the course of western civilization for ever.
The line was uttered by Julius Caesar on this very date in 49 BC (There is some disagreement on this date – this is clearly one of those dates that most of historians, around at the time, were too busy at the local orgy to clearly denote when a short bald Italian soldier crossed a rivulet.) Caesar and his army had just crossed the Rubicon, a little stream in northern Italy. The Roman Senate had long ago established a rule that Roman citizens should be forbidden from crossing the the Rubicon with their armies, since they figured anyone coming south toward Rome with an entire army probably wasn’t up to any good (this should be enacted immediately in the USA – no bald men in a short skirt on horse should ever cross the Potomac with their own army.)
(If the Roman Senate had really wanted to play it safe, maybe they should have designed the infrastructure of their empire so that all roads didn’t lead to Rome – but that’s beside the point.)
You may be wondering why Caesar would set out to break the law this way. He had, after all, been a popular and successful general and had been governor of Gaul for some time. But that’s exactly why he decided to cross the Rubicon: he had become so popular and so powerful that the Roman Senate ordered him to disband his army and give up Gaul. Which has always made me wonder why the Roman Senate didn’t say jacta alea est after issuing their demands. Maybe they were just too eager to get back to their dice.
Anyway, by crossing the Rubicon, Caesar had officially committed treason and launched the Roman Civil War. I’ve also saved you several hours of watching DVD’s of the series Rome. Except for the naked parts.
The rest is history.
The Haus of Dcaligari 